Barriers Of Beliefs About Intelligence And Cognitive...

This literature review focuses on the available literature about the barriers for women going into engineering leading to the underrepresentation of women in engineering. â€Å"Only 8% of British engineers are women, the lowest proportion in Europe, and well behind Germany (15%), Sweden (25%) and top-performing Latvia (30%)† (Rankin, 2014). Over the last few years, women in engineering has become a major research topic, though a large majority of the research available focuses on STEM (Science, Engineering, Technology and Mathematics) as a whole. This review will mainly be focusing on the barriers of beliefs about intelligence and cognitive abilities, self-assessment, and discrimination by stereotyping. Most of the literature available on the†¦show more content†¦Dweck’s (2007) research of looking at â€Å"how students cope with confusion when they are learning brand new material†, confirms Kimura’s previous statement. â€Å"Confusion is a common occurrence in math and science, where, unlike verbal areas, new material often involves completely new skills, concepts, or conceptual systems† (Dweck, 2007). This research shows that â€Å"bright girls did not cope at all well with †¦ confusion† and â€Å"in fact, the higher the girl’s IQ, the worse she did† (Dweck, 2007). Also â€Å"many high-IQ girls were unable to learn the material after experiencing confusion†, but this â€Å"did not happen to boys†. It â€Å"only energized them†. This was striking as they â€Å"were working with fifth-grade students† where â€Å"there was not stigma attached to girls achievement yet† (Dweck, 2007). Barba ra Licht corroborated this, finding from her own research â€Å"that bright girls – who were at the top of the heap when things went well – were vulnerable to a loss of confidence and a loss in effectiveness when they ran into difficulty† (Dweck, 2007) Dweck (2007) argues that â€Å"it is possible that at least part of the emerging difference in math is a gender difference in coping with setbacks and confusion rather than a gender difference in math ability†. Dweck (2007) argues â€Å"that girls who believe that intellectual abilities are just gifts do not fare well in math, but those who think they are qualities that can be developed often do just fine.† Dweck argues â€Å"that not all bright

Silence As A Technique To Show Time English Literature Essay Free Essays

Literary silence can be used to function several intents. Silence can be used to make a tragic ambiance, to convey out unhappiness, surprise or daze, to stress the lines before and after it and it can besides be used to construct up suspense and emotion. This essay will research the relationship between clip and silence in The Outsider and Waiting for Godot. We will write a custom essay sample on Silence As A Technique To Show Time English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å" Silence fills this hollow universe, Silence is the pick we make, Silence is the decease of this all, Silence is our destiny. † This infusion from Okami Kamikaze ‘s verse form, ‘Eternal silence ‘ seems to suit Beckett ‘s drama absolutely. The silence is contributed to the drama by the intermissions mentioned in the phase waies. In fact there is no logical idea procedure in the drama as it is interrupted by the intermissions. The intermissions and silences in the drama make a unfertile and tragic ambiance that the characters seem to fear. â€Å" Silence is pouring into the drama like H2O into a sinking ship † , to cite Beckett. The silence, crisp, echoing and resonating seems to make much torment in the supporters. It is this upseting silence that the characters try to avoid through useless babbling, throughout the drama. The silence is a consequence of the decomposition of the establishment of linguistic communication, therefore we see short duologues, nervous laughter and long drawn intermissions. The intermissions and silences besides help in making an air of uncertainness that like the echoing silence envelops the full drama. This is evidenced by the fact that the characters, Vladimir and Estragon are diffident about everything from the day of the month, clip, twenty-four hours, to their intent and the individuality of Godot. â€Å" VLADIMIR: He said Saturday. ( Pause. ) I think. Tarragon: ( really insidious ) . But what Saturday? And is it Saturday? Is it non instead Sunday? ( Pause. ) Or Monday? ( Pause. ) Or Friday? † Time in waiting for Godot behaves in a funny manner, it is cloudy. Time assumes an intangible quality and lacks definition. It seems to stand still as if it were waiting for Godot excessively. This inactive consequence is created through the insistent actions of characters like looking in their chapeau, taking off boots and the similar. The drama with the deficiency of any background music is enshrouded in silence, making a inactive medium for clip. The tree in the background appears wastes in Act I and is covered with leaves the following. The carrot in the first act becomes a radish in the 2nd. A alteration usually taking hebdomads or likely months happens in a individual dark. This is besides the lone manner the readers are made cognizant of the transition of clip. The couple of Lucky and Pozzo besides undergo a enormous alteration all in the span of one dark. Lucky becomes deaf-and-dumb person and Pozzo, blind. The reaching of the courier male child signals the terminal of a twenty-four hours. The reaching of Lucky and Pozzo brings with it one-dimensionality to clip, the minute they leave, clip becomes cloudy once more. The characters Lucky and Pozzo have hence been dubbed the ‘Champions of Time ‘ by some critics. It is as if clip is frozen in silence, merely when the silence interruptions, is clip able to travel, merely to go frozen when the steely silence returns. Gunther Andres compactly summarizes clip statin g, â€Å" Although a ‘stream of clip ‘ does n’t be any longer, the ‘time stuff ‘ is non petrified yet ; alternatively of a traveling watercourse, clip here has become something like a dead pulp. † I feel that the characters exemplify the phrase, ‘Killing Time ‘ . The ceaseless waiting, the humdrum repeat and the decomposition of linguistic communication completes this activity. Even Lucky and Pozzo who in the beginning are gifted with consciousness of clip after a few proceedingss in the inactive clip of the supporters, lose clip. In the beginning, we find Pozzo look intoing his ticker, so the ticker stops working and eventually he loses his ticker. â€Å" POZZO: aˆÂ ¦ . Thank you, dear chap. ( He consults his ticker. ) But I must truly be acquiring along, if I am to detect my agenda. VLADIMIR: Time has stopped. POZZO: ( snuggling his ticker to his ear ) . Do n’t you believe it, Sir, do n’t you believe it. ( He puts his ticker back in his pocket. ) Whatever you like, but non that. † Time is so dead in the frame of the supporters. We see Lucky and Pozzo, whom the supporters look up to as privileged existences due to their consciousness of clip, besides pervert and lose their consciousness, going one with the stagnation that is clip. The Outsider is a fresh dealing with the experiential crisis of disaffection and self-alienation by Gallic writer, Albert Camus. In this book, the usage of silence is elusive unlike Waiting for Godot, with its glaring silences and intermissions. Unlike Waiting for Godot, silence here offers a infinite to believe, to concentrate and wait. The narrative manner itself suits the absence of sound. It should be noted that The Outsider has really few cases of direct duologue. Most of the book is written in indirect address that creates an uneven feeling of withdrawal of Meursalt with the secret plan of the book. As a consequence, the full book seems to be encased in silence. However this remains unnoticed by the readers except when the writer draws attending to the silence. Any little, bantam sound makes us recognize the absence of it. This is particularly seen during the imprisonment of Meursalt. In many parts of the book, Meursalt seems to exhibit a stony silence without responding or answering to inquiries and even take parting in conversations. This is possibly because of a deficiency of things to state. Meursalt is, as Camus describes him, â€Å" in love with a Sun that leaves no shadows. † He does non lie but stands for truth. He does non even utter the harmless white prevarications to delight society and to carry through its meaningless imposts. As a consequence most of Meursalt ‘s silence are â€Å" because he does n’t play the game. † to cite Camus. Unlike Waiting for Godot, the characters appear to be really cognizant of clip. Time here is a additive entity with definite boundaries.The book has really specific inside informations about clip, forenoon, eventide, hebdomad etc. and that suggests that Meursalt is really cognizant of what is traveling on around him. In The Outsider there is calculated usage of silence is to in two chief cases to demo motion. One is the period of captivity of Meursalt and the other during the test. We find Meursalt tidal bore to acquire it over with. He does non pay any attending to the test and longs to be back in his cell. At the terminal of Meursalt ‘s life, he seems to detest the silence of the audience that comes to watch his executing. They seem to stand still with bated breath while he wants them to clap and hoot handling him like a hero. Silence Kills ; it intensifies his limited clip before his executing conveying into crisp focal point the brevity of his life. Even during his captivity, we find him sitting in silence watching the skies change from twenty-four hours to dark, his senses more crisp and ague than of all time. â€Å" ne’er earlier had my ears picked up so many noises or detected such bantam sounds. † The silence creates a crisp concentration to Meursalt ‘s senses. He waits for something to go on. He waits for person to come. He seems to cognize his destiny at the custodies of a society that does n’t cognize and understand him. He seems impatient for this clip to go through into action, an action that might even direct him to his decease. The writer draws our attending to the silence by adverting the bantam noises. â€Å" like a Canis familiaris ‘s death-rattle, my bosom would n’t split after all and I ‘d hold gained another 20 four hours. † This line shows that the deathlike silence reflects the long hours of captivity. The silence is possibly to demo the apparently slow passing of clip. Even during the vigil, the silence is about tangible, broken merely by shortness of breaths and oinks. This apart from what Meursalt considers to be an unneeded rite besides serves to show the slow transition of clip. Although we see silence in both books, used to function the same intent, the consequence created is drastically different. Silence and the consciousness of the characters to the transition of clip have successfully created affecting minutes in the texts. They have revealed to us non merely the heads of the characters, but have besides put into perspective life and decease itself. We as readers have been drawn into the whirl of these silences and clip sections with expectancy and we have ne’er been disappointed. How to cite Silence As A Technique To Show Time English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Concussion Is A Mild Traumatic Brain Injury examples Essay Example For Students

Concussion Is A Mild Traumatic Brain Injury examples Essay Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mechanism of injury is a direct blow to the head, neck, face, or somewhere to the body causing a biomechanical force to the brain. Symptoms can be grouped into 4 categories: physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep. Sleep disturbance is common, but most athletes complain of fatigue and sleeping more often. The two most common signs are headache and dizziness. Signs and symptoms usually go away in about ten days. Taking a detailed history is key to assessing a TBI. Loss of consciousness (LOC) does not always happen with a concussion, LOC only occurs in about ten percent of all concussions. Amnesia may occur due to the TBI, and there are two kinds, which are retrograde (preceding the injury), or anterograde (after the injury). Athletes may be confused about recent events, due to the amnesia. Research shows that there are roughly around 1. 6 to 3.8 million sports related concussions a year in the United States. Returning to play for athletes should begin once he or she is completely asymptomatic for twenty-four hours. Once, asymptomatic he or she will begin a return-to-play protocol, but if symptoms occur they must stop and wait twenty-four until asymptomatic again. As an athletic trainer, or any health care provider protection is important and helmets are crucial part of equipment. Although there is a lack of evidence to prove that helmets actually reduce the risk of concussions, evidence shows that mouth guards actually reduce the risk or severity of concussions. Many sport officials have changed or added rules in order to protect the athletes and/or reduce the risk of concussions in their fellow sports (Weinberger and Brisken, 2013). Increasing awareness of concussions teammate. . the of coaches wanting athletes to be tough (Mihalk, Linnan, Marshall, McLeod, Mueller, Guskiewicz, 2013). After a life of sports retired athletes could still suffer the consequences of concussions. Due to the fact that research between concussions and neurodengeration has only been accepted by the science community in the last decade. Age-related cognitive decline seems to be worse in retired athletes with a history of concussions than the ones without a history. Although without accounting several other factors, white matter had diffused more in retired athletes. When a study was conducted by a group of scientist and neurologist in Canada, they found that as aging already plays a role on the cognitive decline of the brain, but concussions work with aging to increase the cognitive decline (Tremblay, Henry, Bedetti, Larson-Dupuis, Gagnon, Evans, De Beaumont, 2014).

The Heart of a Champion Essay Example

The Heart of a Champion Essay Heart of a Champion There is one person in particular who has overcome many difficulties in his life. I shared one of those difficulties with him. He helped motivate me, strengthen me, and celebrate an accomplishment. He has taught me the importance of never giving up on yourself. Aaron has made an impact on my life that I will forever cherish. I met Aaron through my high school cheerleaders team. I had the opportunity to be his flyer for two years in a row. My senior year was the most memorable season. There were still many downfalls that came along with cheering. There was never a practice that I would not come home crying. The pressure, misery, and pain that we both went through only made him stronger. I never had the strength to be positive but he always knew how to use motivational words. These words were spoken to me throughout the season by Aaron. He knew that I wanted to win a state title Just as bad as he did. Through that we grew closer to accomplish the same goal. When t came to cheerleaders, you had to put 100 percent Into everything you did. We will write a custom essay sample on The Heart of a Champion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Heart of a Champion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Heart of a Champion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even when you would give 100 percent effort, you were never promised 100 percent satisfaction. We worked hard at practices but ended up with second place at competitions. This tore the Crosby 2 team apart many times. We had to slowly pick up the slack and gain strength before going on the state floor. Aaron stepped up and controlled the situation. He made us realize we could still have a chance of winning. We Just had to work together as a team and believe In ourselves for once. In the corner of the mat, I heard a voice in my ear telling me, noon can do this! Push through, set up, pull and spin! You got this! At the beginning of my running tumbling, I heard Aarons voice In my ear. He had a way of making It seem Like there was still hope If we kept pushing through. The state competition was the only hope we had to show how bad we wanted to win and how hard we worked for It. All throughout warm-ups, Aaron and many other cheerleaders encouraged the team. Watching other teams succeed discouraged any of us, but having people Like Aaron to keep us motivated made It very hard to give up. We stepped on the mat for the last time as a team and walked back off with tears of accomplishment In our eyes. There were many discouraging moments In my experiences with Aaron. The only difference between him and other people Is the way he handled It. Aaron showed his courage and dedication through his actions. He led by example and through encouraging words to the team. He didnt look for an easy way out or a shoulder to cry on. He has taught me a life lesson of never Glenn p on yourself or others. You push through thick and thin and will always succeed no matter what the outcome Is. Aaron has a heart of a champion. The Heart of a Champion By brothering it came to cheerleaders, you had to put 100 percent into everything you did. Even team and believe in ourselves for once. Voice in my ear telling me, muff can do this! Push through, set up, pull and spin! You got this! At the beginning of my running tumbling, I heard Aarons voice in my ear. He had a way of making it seem like there was still hope if we kept pushing through. D how hard we worked for it. All throughout warm-ups, Aaron and many other many of us, but having people like Aaron to keep us motivated made it very hard to tears of accomplishment in our eyes. In my experiences with Aaron. The only difference between him and other people is the way he handled it. Aaron showed his courage and dedication through his actions. Easy way out or a shoulder to cry on. He has taught me a life lesson of never giving matter what the outcome is. Aaron has a heart of a champion.

The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently

The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently Physiologically; the right side of the brain deals with neurological impulse for the left side of the body and the inverse is true. In his â€Å"split-brain† research on an epileptic patient, Roger Sperry (1973) (cited in Dan Eden, n.d) demonstrated that with the severing of their communication connection the two hemispheres could function distinctively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance the right eye and hand could name an item, like a pen, but the subject could not determine its use. On the other hand the left eye and hand could demonstrate and determine its use but could not determine its name. In his further studies to establish the functional map of the brain, Sperry (1973) (cited in Eden, n.d) supposes the existence of two nature of thought, namely the verbal and the non-verbal, which have their basis in th e left and the right brain hemispheres respectively. The chart below illustrates the function mapping of the hemisphere (Eden, n.d). LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS uses logic detail oriented facts rule words and language present and past math and science can comprehend knowing acknowledges order/pattern perception knows object name reality based forms strategies practical safe uses feeling big picture oriented imagination rules symbols and images present and future philosophy religion can get it (i.e. meaning) believes appreciates spatial perception knows object function fantasy based presents possibilities impetuous risk taking The two Hemispheres functional integration Personality can be thought of as the product of the extent to which hemispheres associate or dissociate. For instant, criticality and orderliness is an attributed of the left hemisphere; while the artistic, creativity and unpredictability is that of the right. However, every individual integrate s particular sides of the brain in their various daily activities based on factors such as education, age and experiences. Thus, the involvement of a specific hemisphere in different circumstances determines our character and molds our personality (Eden, 2008). Studies have established that majority of the children creativity rank high (right hemispheres attribute) prior to schooling. However, only 10% of the children would retain their creativity by the age of seven, since the current educational system emphasizes on the left brain characteristics like mathematics, language and logic than on creativity (Eden, 2008). Despite their function lateralization, the hemispheres do not perform independently, but communicate via the corpus callosum. Nevertheless, this association does not operate on equality basis because one hemisphere usually dominates over the other. Thus, individuals can either be left or right handed. Normally, the left hemisphere is considered the dominant hemisphere ( Ball, 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implications for the cognitive research neuroscientist Owing to the obstacles of direct methods in neurological studies of a particular behavior, neurological scientists have render use of indirect methods, such as handedness technique to establish the dominant hemisphere. However, the understanding of how this methods work poses a challenge to many research neuroscientists, in which practical and theoretical implications are, attached (Ball, 1998). However, distinction are not absolute, thereby necessitating verification of a patients’ match to the right or left hemisphere profile before a brain surgeons excise an area of an epileptic brain to avoid causing major impairments. To achieve this objective, many methods have been developed to allow the evaluation of activities of the two hemispheres in life subjects (Ball, 199 8). The first technique was known as the Wada test, coined after a neurologist name Juhn Wada. It involves the injection of sodium amorbarbital into either the left or right carotid artery. Consequently, the hemisphere which corresponds to the injection becomes numb, allowing the doctor to carry out language test on the conscious hemisphere (Ball, 1998). These and other techniques developed for this purpose are expensive and dangerous. Easier methods of evaluating lateralization must be opted for. Thus handedness method has been opted for by many neuroscientists in their approach to the relevant psychological issue. The essence for this choice is the fact that right-handedness implies that the left hemisphere dominates and vice versa. Apparently, this technique has proven to be the most convenient method of determining the dominant hemisphere (Ball, 1998). Reference List Ball, J. (1998). Lateralization of function in cerebral hemispheres. Serendip; biology 202. Retrieved from https: //serendipstudio.org/exchange/node/1782 Eden, D. (2008). Left brain; Right brain. Retrieved from http://viewzone2.com/bicamx.html

alturism Essay Example For Students

alturism Essay Altruism is used in discussions of ethics as an alternative to ethical egoism: the belief that people ought to be selfish. Altruism leads us to find a middle ground between being purely self interested and devoting our entire lives to the group. We learn that its not preferable to be too self interested, but can be harmful to devote all your energy to other people. A little too much self interest can be as harmful as too much virtuousness towards others. As an ethical egotist, what you might learn from altruism is; there are certain situations where it could pay not to be self interested. A good example would be several people stuck on a deserted island. If everyone left destined for their separate survival, surly only a few would live very long. If the people banded together, shared the work and supplies, surely most or all would survive longer.This shows that there are situations you can handle better when you chose to be in a group, then on your own. In conclusion I think any person should carefully consider before deciding to act in their own interest or act for a group that they are part in. People should try and think of what might be more beneficial for them in the long term as well as immediately. If the worst is true; and humans are purely selfish beings, what people should do is substitute a little altruistic philosophy in their thinking. This would help incorporate every self interested person into a group that functions better than any people could individually. It would probably help expand the available choices for people who feel they cannot make a decision. I think it can also lead the world in a more tolerant direction.

The Mind-Body Connection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Mind-Body Connection - Assignment Example It should be understood that our physical health is strongly connected to our psychological health. This is because it is the nervous system and brain which is the principal co – coordinator in the physical functioning of our body. All the bodily organs function with the aid of brain and nervous system. Moreover our mind’s balance is what makes us an healthy person. The negative emotions like anger, aggression and fear can destroy mental and physical health. In case of stressors, the most effective tool to control it is physical activity. Everybody come across stress in their daily life and physical activity releases hormones to stabilize the stress factor in people. While exercising the body produces endorphins which act as a natural painkiller and also energize a person. The exercise impacts the brain and decreases the fatigue and increase the concentration and alertness of a person. Exercise increases the blood flow to the brain and this refresh the brain and nervous system which give rise to healthy mental

Sociology (Race and Ethnicity) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Sociology (Race and Ethnicity) - Assignment Example Addressing the issue of racial profiling, I strongly feel that with the current threat of terrorism to the society and the increased incidence of terrorist attacks, it becomes absolutely essential to implement the strictest possible measures of security. We need to understand that nothing is more valuable than human life. Therefore, if the protection of human life causes us some inconvenience we should be cooperative. It obviously is very important to keep the sensitivities of the citizens of a country in mind and the criteria for racial profiling must be such that it is based on authentic evidence f a person’s identity and should not merely rely on the physical appearance of a person because that can hurt the sentiments of people. This issue was realized by the Bush Administration after which a ban was placed on Racial Profiling (US Department ofJustice , 1). Works Cited Saney, Isaac. "The Origins of Racism." AfricVoice 1 February 2007. Web. : 1 and 4. US Department ofJustice . Fact Sheet: Racial Profiling. 17 June 2003.Web.

Public Health System Essay Example for Free

Public Health System Essay Health policy and entire health care system in both the USA and Great Britain create a core for national quality standards. Dealing with health as a key condition for local and global human activity representatives of medical spheres in these two countries on opposite sides of the ocean have long-term experience which differs greatly in terms of functional, financial, and social issues. Financing. In the UK financing of the industry is done out of taxation paid by people on regular basis. 130 billion of dollars annually are spent to cover expenditures of healthcare system: paying out salaries for physicians, facilitating hospitals, providing latest medical technology and treatment (Hadikin, 2003). British health policy does not require from patients to pay on the scene since it has already been done automatically by their tax procedure. Sometimes those having problems with eyes or teeth will have to pay very small amounts to cover the cost for particular tests. However, such co-payments are not common in the UK and are covered by government for special society layers including aged and young people, special patients with chronic diseases, etc. The state pays directly to doctors and cover fees for a wide range of hospital services (Hawkes, 2007). In the USA payments for healthcare are done through private insurance system. Many believe that British system is more convenient since patients receive â€Å"free at the point of service† medical treatment. American healthcare sector is employee-employer based (54%) with partial governmental funding (46%) for the poor, the disabled, Native Americans, and elderly adults. Average American spends annually approximately $6,400 for healthcare where $2,880 is covered by government, $2,675 by private insurance, and more than $800 paid directly to doctors or other additional services. Unlike the US with population equal to more than 302 million people, the UK with its 61 million of citizens spends $2,720 each year to be confident in high-quality medical treatment. Described in detail, $2,370 are covered by British government received through national taxation and other $350 go directly from patients for extra services required (Sultz Young, 2008). Challenges. Over years health policy in Great Britain has been facing significant obstacles in its strive for providing high-quality national medical service. First of all, due to the fact that all costs having to do with healthcare are covered through taxation without going directly to doctors on daily basis physicians tend to be less efficient. On the other hand being confident in that medical system is paid for by the government people with light complaints which can be easily treated at home with help of drugs purchased in the nearest drugstore immediately make an appointment unreasonably disturbing physicians who may have very urgent problems to take care of. Also, being structurally located under the government health policy in the UK must follow the rules set from above. That’s why if the government representatives decide that specific drug is cost-ineffective they may choose not to cover such medications. It is especially true for drugs against cancer which have always been extremely expensive with only several month effect and certain plastic surgeries which are considered to be addition features of healthcare and may never be crucial to health (Hawkes, 2007). Sadly enough, Great Britain tends to keep young people and those less than eighty years old in focus. The thing is that significant number of people in their eighties tend to be seriously ill whereas average life expectancy in Britain reaches 79. Unlike the US, where doctors do their best to save people no matter how old they are, English government refers to limited financing and number of able-bodied people who have the potential but need treatment. Unfortunately, anti-cancer treatment costs a lot and in majority of cases prolongs life of an aged person for couple of months only. In the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence is authorized to decide whether specific drug in particular case is worth to be covered and normally they conclude that it is not. One more problem encountered by health policy in Britain again has to do with money issue. Governments have specific amount of money to spend annually on a person who has health problems. However, costs for drugs and medical treatment are constantly escalating and quality of service, therefore, is gradually dropping making this proportion more and more blurred (Hawkes, 2007). The biggest challenge for American citizen regarding health policy is a necessity to pay bills for all services they receive including various tests, prescriptions, visits to physicians, etc. Regardless of the fact that this tradition has a long-term history it has caused enormous inequity between the rich and the poor. Having created two healthcare bodies called Medicare and Medicaid which handle financial issues of old and poor people accordingly, they are far from being perfect. Firstly, people with membership in one of these institutions should go through never-ending bureaucratic procedures that require time and effort valuable for both aged people and low-income society representatives. Secondly, having received long-awaited registration they are provided only with basic services and typically have almost no choice while selecting doctors and hospitals (Barr Dowding, 2008). In terms of care organization any insurance-based system including American one provides care upon request. For instance, when a person gets heart attack s/he is transported to the hospital, receives necessary medical treatment, and post-traumatic prescription. In Great Britain similar procedures are planned in advance. Thus, British doctors should calculate how many beds for what kinds of patients should be provided, how much vaccine should be purchased to immunize specific number of people and so on. Both American and British health policies have one thing in common having to do with technical issues of the system. Speaking about response times, neither of these states has a set regulation regarding standard response time applicable to all locations under any conditions. There exist certain agreed rules between providers of emergency service and official authorities that instruct required response times. Significant number of these regulations, however, have to do with private emergency service providers who cover only small portions of society. Both Americans and British have concluded that every location throughout these two countries should be provided with 8-minute medical help. (Davis, 2005) Irrelevant of the absence of set rules regarding response times cardiac arrests are considered to be the most urgent and demanding emergency calls in entire emergency service system. Majority of people who experience cardiac arrest should be provided with proper treatment including electric shock with ALS intervention within the first minutes. Figures show, that the sooner the ambulance arrives the more chances it has to save the patient from permanent brain death and irreversible processes which start occurring in human body shortly after the cardiac arrest. It happens on very rare occasions that the person survives receiving help within more than ten minutes. (Davis, 2005) Taking apart from cardiac arrest, response times for normal emergency calls that have to do with physical injuries or wide range of attacks vary from 12 to 14 minutes. Specifically, Wales show the worst result ever obtained in Great Britain in terms of response time and emergency service. According to recent statistics average Welsh emergency service provider arrives not earlier than 20 minutes after the emergency call. British authorities claim that it is totally unthinkable to demonstrate such low performance and that this part should be immediately improved. (Brindley, 2008) In conclusion it would be appropriately to note that both health policies have their advantages and drawbacks as basically any other system. The following table highlights key features of American and British healthcare sectors: Health policy in the UK Health policy in the USA Advantages Drawbacks Advantages Drawbacks Every member of society is provided with medical care Random cases of poor quality service due taxation payments as opposed to direct ones Better consumer choice provided due higher cost for medical services Only insured ones get the best service and treatment Because of sufficient NHS funds treatment and drugs cost less Some misuse medical treatment due to longing for communication and company (especially old people) Active implementation of latest technological equipment and scientific innovations in medical sphere Many retired people choose to work since it’s the only way to receive medical insurance Patients receive decent treatment regardless of their age, social status, or level of income Many claim they do not receive the right to choose a hospital or a doctor they like Patients visit hospital only in cases when it is really necessary, reasonable, or urgent Prices for medical treatment and drugs are higher because of debates and policy on governmental levels References Barr, J., Dowding, L. (2008). Leadership in Health Care. London: SAGE Ltd. Breen, N., Woods, J., Bury, G., Murphy A. Brazier, H. (1999).   A national census of ambulance response times to emergency calls in Ireland. Journal of Accident Emergency Medicine, 17, 392-395. doi:10.1136/emj.17.6.392 Brindley, M. (2008). Ambulance Response Times Worst In UK. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from WalesOnline Health News Web site: http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/health-news/2008/06/20/ambulance-response-times-worst-in-uk-91466-21109781/ Davis, R. (2005). The Price Of Just A Few Seconds Lost: People Die. Retrieved March 21, 2009, from USA Today Web site: http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/ems-day2-cover.htm Hadikin, R. (2003). Effective Coaching in Healthcare. London: Books for Midwives. Hawkes, N. (2007). NHS’s Advantages And Shortcomings. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from Frontline Web site: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaroundtheworld/interviews/hawkes.html Sultz, H., Young, K. (2008). Health Care USA: Understanding Its Organization and Delivery. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers

Psychopathy Essay -- Psychology, Psychopaths

Psychopathy is a topic of extreme interest among the psychological community and stimulates wide debate on its various aspects. There have been many studies attempting to define and measure psychopathy (e.g. Levenson, Kiehl & Fitzpatrick, 1995), but it is commonly thought to be a combination of specific traits and behaviors (Lilienfeld & Arkowitz, 2007). Psychopaths commonly have many socially unattractive traits such as callousness and insincerity (Snowden & Gray, 2011), however the trait that this report will concentrate on is impulsivity. Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) (Hare, 1980, as cited in Bartol, 1999) and Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) (Hare, 1991, as cited in Bartol) are widely recognised as a reliable method of measuring male psychopathy in criminal populations (Bartol). The PCL-R is a twenty-item checklist that is recognised to distinguish three areas of psychopathic traits: interpersonal deficits (how they interact with others); affective deficits (lack of feelings or emotion); and impulsive and criminal behavior (Lilienfeld & Arkowitz, 2007). Arguments have emerged regarding the ability of the PCL-R to differentiate between those who have extreme mental disorders that may be affecting results, and those who don’t (Howard, 1990, as cited in Bartol). Levenson, Kiehl and Fitzpatrick (1995) believed the capability to measure psychopathy in a non-institutionalised population would be of great interest. Using the PCL as a model, Levenson et al created a 26 item, self-report, questionnaire. Karpman (1948, as cited in Levenson et al, 1995) suggested the need for a distinction between primary psychopaths (manipulative and deceitful traits) and secondary psychopaths (extreme impulsivity and anxiety, resulting fro... ...the relationship between impulsivity and psychopathy among a university population. Our hypothesis was that impulsivity would be positively correlated with secondary psychopathy. Drawing from Snowden and Gray’s (2011) study, evidence shows that impulsivity was significantly correlated to secondary psychopaths in a criminal population. Similar results are expected in our study as Snowden and Gray used the PCL-R to measure psychopathy, which was used as a model to form the LSRP we used to measure psychopathy in our population. Furthermore we will also be using the same measure of impulsivity (BIS). We expect that the LSRP and BIS will be successful in measuring the relationship between psychopathy and impulsivity in non-institutionalised populations and in line with Snowden and Gray we expect impulsivity to only slightly, if at all, correlate to primary psychopathy.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Studying Abroad

AdvantagesNowadays, studying abroad brings people many advantages. First of all, it is undeniable that thanks to learning in foreign countries, they can improve their English. It is mainly due to the living environment there, where people have more exposure to English. Every day communicating with the native in the language is the chance for them to reinforce their English skills. Secondly, living independently is another thing people can gain after being overseas.In fact, when studying abroad, people cannot rely on anyone but themselves, and they have to solve all their problems. It makes them get used to being independent. The quality is absolutely helpful in both their life and work nowadays. Last but not least, studying overseas also gives people more opportunities to find jobs. It is not only because of their good English skills but also the certificates they have got in foreign universities, which are highly appreciated in our country today. In short, studying abroad is a good choice for people today, especially the young.DisadvantagesStudying abroad is also disadvantageous to people for some reasons. First of all, it is undoubted that culture shock will happen when everyone is overseas. They can find the native’s behaviours, speeches and so on absolutely strange the first time in foreign countries. This makes the people totally confused and annoyed. Therefore, they can easily lose concentration on study when having culture shock. Secondly, homesickness is what people cannot avoid when studying abroad. This is because they have to live far from home in the different living environment. In addition, they also always have to solve problems by themselves.All of these make them miss their families more than ever before and lessen their enthusiasm in learning. Last but not least, people also may have to learn under pressure while being abroad due to the big amount of money they spend on studying overseas. They always have to care for their marks at scho ol for fear of not getting good certificate. As a result, they can be stressed, and their life overseas can become a nightmare. In short, studying abroad brings people both advantages and disadvantages, so everyone should think carefully before deciding to do this.

Ielt Task 2

Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than promoting quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Words: 281/ Time: 45’ Whether or not customers are encouraged by advertisers to purchase products in quantity without promoting quality is a controversial question. Some people would say â€Å"yes† with that idea. However, as far as I am concerned, I strongly oppose that perception. First and foremost, although nowadays consumers are bombarded with information of products and services, viewers are still decisions-makers.Some people concern about quality, others have interest in quantity. But, they generally buy products according to their own interests, tastes, income and other factors. Moreover, customers are now increasingly cautious about advertised products, they thus ask for advice from their friends and families, instead of buying them impulsively. In simple terms, it is customers rather than advertisers who decide to purchase a certain produ ct.It is also noted that the main function of advertising is to provide customers with adequate information about a lot of aspects of a product including quality, package, functions, warrantee, and promotion, not only price. In fact, advertising is usually criticized on the ground that it leads customers to follow the advertisers’ desire. However, according to marketing principles, that advertising merely satisfies consumers’ information needs. Unarguably, price is an important factor that marketers use to boost sales.Nevertheless, it is more important to remember that the role of advertising is to offer specific information on a product and service. Therefore, advertising simply conveys the message relating to price, rather than use it to attract consumers. To sum up, I believe that consumers have different attitudes toward advertisements because they are influenced by various factors, not only price. The general perception of advertising as a stimulus for purchasing in quantity rather than promoting quality is in fact a bias.

Evans Surname Meaning and Family History

Evans Surname Meaning and Family History Evans is a patronymic surname meaning son of Evan. The given name Evan derives from the Welsh name Ifan, a cognate of John, meaning gracious gift of Jehovah. Within the United Kingdom, Evans is the 8th most common surname, being most common in the city of Swansea, Wales. It is ranked as the 48th most common surname in the United States. Surname Origin:  Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings:  EVINS, EVENS, EVAN, EVIAN Famous People with the Evans Surname Walker Evans -  American photographerArthur Evans  - English archaeologist and curatorLee Evans  -  African-American track-and-field greatEdith Evans  -  English stage and screen actressMichael Evans - British stage and screen actor Where is the Evans Surname Most Common? The Evans surname is the 656th most common surname in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears.  The name  is especially numerous in North and South Wales and in the adjacent English counties of Shropshire and Monmouth.  Evans ranks as the 5th most common surname in Wales, the 10th in England, the 20th in Australia and the 47th in the United States. Surname distribution maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  also demonstrate the popularity of the Evans surname in Wales and England, followed by Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States (especially Georgia, Mississippi, and Utah). Genealogy Resources for the Surname Evans 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Evans Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Evans family crest or coat of arms for the Evans surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Evans DNA ProjectMore than 570 members have joined this project for the Evans surname (and variants) to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. Evans Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Evans ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Evans ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearchExplore over 9.7 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Evans surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Evans  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Evans surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Evans Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Evans surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Sony corp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sony corp - Essay Example Though not all have been successful, Sony has endured in the world of high technology. The company had its beginnings by bringing a portable AM radio within the reach of all consumers and has evolved to encompass the areas of information technology, digital home electronics, media content, and financial services. Because of Sony's diverse product line, the company has found it beneficial to have a marketing plan that sells its business products through channels as well as direct sales to the consumer. Sony primarily sells its information technology to businesses through its Solution Provider Center that was introduced in 2006. Jay Dishong, vice president of business-to-business sales states that the Center provides improved, "commitment, communication and service levels to our distributors, solution providers and B2B end users" (Dishong). Mike Abary, vice president of Vaio notebook marketing states that , "You can no longer buy direct, if you are a business. The move to an all-channel model, he said, was driven largely by the better economics of delivering to businesses via solution providers" (Moltzen). In contrast to Sony's Provider Center for B2B products, their consumer products are marketed through direct sales via a web portal. The web site, Sonystyle.com also lists a toll free number that consumers can call to place an order. In addition, consumer products are made available through major retail outlets (Sony Style). . Sony products are marketed under categories that include electronics, music, games, movies, components, and financial services. They sell home entertainment electronics, the Play Station 2 video game, Blu-ray DVD discs, and digital cameras and camcorders. As a broad based home entertainment provider, they also own Sony Studios, which produces and distributes original movies and television content (Sony Pictures). These products are aimed at the consumer market. Sony also markets a line of audio-visual and information technology that targets businesses. These products include VAIO products, public displays, projectors, and optical storage products (Abary). The Sony Semiconductor Group manufactures electronic components to be used by OEM manufacturers. Sony financial services include banking, insurance, and credit cards. The core of Sony's business is the home electronics and information technology, which accounts for 90 percent of their revenue ("Business at a Glance"). Sony's objective has been, and remains, to be the leader in networked home electronics. By offering products that interact with each other they are able to network a household through a common entertainment network. Sony's marketing strategy has been to create a group of products that work together to deliver media content in the home. That strategy was based on the popularity of broadband and by the forming of alliances. The Play Station 2, and its DVD format Blu-ray, have been a key component of that strategy. "The development of the Play Station itself was aided by alliances forged between hardware designers and game-software developers; so were other innovations like the compact disc, a result of an alliance with Phillips" (Singh, Pangarkar, and Heracleous 99). Learning from the bitter rivalry between the videotape formats of Betamax and VHS, Sony has utilized alliances to popularize the Blu-ray high definition DVD format. In conclusion, Sony is primarily an

Underground economic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Underground economic - Assignment Example For example, nobody will admit that they are in drug business or how much money they make in the illegal trade causing the method to be inaccurate due to the inaccurate information supplied by the respondents. b. Discrepancies in official statistics – estimate of underground economy can also be done by comparing the statistics in national accounting. Ideally, total income must be equal to total final expenditures. If there is an excess of expenditures over incomes, this indicates the size the underground economy. This is based on a common sense that one cannot spend more than one earns. So the extra money that was spent is assumed to have come in the underground economy in the discrepancies in official statistics approach. Another estimate that can be done using discrepancies in official statistics is to check labor statistics. A decline in formal employment or labor participation indicates that the number of people in underground economy is increasing as workers are migrating from formal to informal employment. c. Monetary approaches – the monetary approach recognizes that underground economy transacts only in cash to avoid paper trail that could detect and trace their illegal activities. The extent of the size of the underground economy can be estimated by analyzing the money supply (composed of cash and bank deposits) whether it has increased or decreased. An increase in money supply without the reported transactions or any visible economic activities indicate the existence of an underground economy. The value of the underground economy can then be extrapolated by comparing the value of money supply (cash on hand and bank deposits) to reported transactions in a given economy. The discrepancy between the value of money supply and reported transactions will give an estimate of the size of underground