A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1626 - 1650

A Brief Timeline of Events in America - 1626 - 1650 1626 Dwindle Minuit shows up in New Netherland and later purchases Manhattan from the Native Americans for things worth around $24. He at that point names the island New Amsterdam. 1627 Plymouth Colony and New Amsterdam start trading.A shipload of around 1500 captured kids is sent from England to the Virginia province to build the quantity of pioneers in the settlement. 1628 A gathering of pilgrims drove by John Endecott settles at Salem. This starts the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1629 The Massachusetts Bay Colony is given a regal charter.The Dutch West India Company starts to give land awards to supporters who will bring in any event 50 pioneers to the colonies.John Winthrop is chosen the legislative leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.King Charles I concedes Sir Robert Heath a domain in North America that will be called Carolina. 1630 John Winthrop leads more than 900 homesteaders to settle in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.John Winthrop likewise starts composing the History of New EnglandBoston is formally established.William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth province, starts composing History of Plymouth Plantation. 1631 Regardless of the Massachusetts Bay Colony sanction, it is concluded that lone church individuals are permitted to become freemen who are permitted to decide in favor of state officials.Sir Ferdinando Gorges is given a land award and starts to settle what will in the end become Maine. 1632 In the Massachusetts Bay Colony issues, for example, no imposing taxes without any political benefit and delegate government are starting to be addressed.King Charles I gives Lord Baltimore an illustrious sanction to establish the Maryland Colony. Since Baltimore is Roman Catholic, the privilege to strict opportunity is allowed to Maryland. 1633 The principal town government is composed in the city of Dorchester inside the Massachusetts Bay Colony.The first school in America is established in New Amsterdam. 1634 The primary pioneers for the new Maryland province show up in North America. 1635 Showdowns happen among Virginia and Maryland dependent on limit questions between the two colonies.The contract for the Massachusetts Bay Company is disavowed. The province won't respect this, however.Roger Williams is requested ousted from Massachusetts subsequent to censuring the settlement and advancing the possibility of detachment of chapel and state. 1636 The Township Act is passed in the Massachusetts Bay general court enabling towns to administer themselves to some extent.Thomas Hooker shows up in Hartford Connecticut and establishes the principal church of the territory.Roger Williams establishes the present-day city of Providence, Rhode Island.Open fighting starts with Pequot Indians after the demise of New England dealer John Oldham.Harvard University is established. 1637 After various experiences, the Pequot Indians are slaughtered by a power of Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, and Plymouth pioneers. The clan is for all intents and purposes eliminated.Anne Hutchinson is exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1638 Anne Hutchinson leaves for Rhode Island and establishes Portsmouth with William Coddington.Peter Minuit bites the dust in a wreck. 1639 The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are enacted.Sir Ferdinando Gorges is named the legislative head of Maine by illustrious charter.New Hampshire Colony pilgrims sign the Exeter Compact. 1640 Dutch homesteaders settle in the Delaware River territory. 1641 Massachusetts Bay Colony assumes control over the locale of New Hampshire. 1642 New Netherland battles against the Hudson River Valley Indians who have been making attacks against the state. The two sides will later sign a ceasefire that will most recent a year. 1643 The New England Confederation, otherwise called the United Colonies of New England, a confederation of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Plymouth, and New Hampshire, is formed.Anne Hutchinson is killed by Indians on Long Island. 1644 Roger Williams is allowed an illustrious contract for Rhode Island. 1645 The Dutch and the Hudson River Valley Indians close harmony following four years of warfare.The New England Confederation sign a harmony settlement with the Naragansett Indians. 1646 Massachusetts turns out to be progressively narrow minded as they pass a law making sin deserving of death. 1647 Diminish Stuyvesant expect the administration of New Netherland.Rhode Island General Assembly drafts a constitution taking into consideration division of chapel and state. 1648 The Dutch and the Swedes go after the land around present-day Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River. They each form fortifications and the Swedes torch the Dutch fortress twice. 1649 Ruler Charles I of the House of Stuart is banished in England. Virginia sides with the place of Stuart.Toleration Act is passed in Maryland taking into consideration strict freedom.Maine additionally passes enactment taking into consideration strict opportunity. 1650 Maryland is permitted to have a bicameral assembly by request of Lord Baltimore.Virginia is barricaded by England subsequent to pronouncing loyalty to the House of Stuart. Source Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M., ed. The Almanac of American History. Barnes Nobles Books: Greenwich, CT, 1993.

Mind games a reaction Free Essays

Movement Perception into Our World that is Always in real life by: Allayed C. Conjugal Discussing about your mind and how it responds to movement so as to settle on choices is the principle thought handled in the â€Å"Brain Games: Motion Commotion† scene. Mind Games is a TV arrangement that investigates the parts of the human cerebrum. We will compose a custom paper test on Brain games a response or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Using social trials and intelligent dramatic artistry, this show urges the watchers to take part in the said mind games, in which they’ll have the option to unwind the primary concerns introduced by every scene. In the referenced scene, it expressed that you are in a world that is continually moving, the human cerebrum needed to build up an entirely refined feeling of movement so as to endure and that is clear movement wherein we see a progression of still pictures that are hung together rapidly and our mind sees this as movement. Different tests are accomplished for the watchers to have a simple comprehension of the variables associated with the subject, development impression of the mind. The underlying examination is to watch an Auto Kinetic picture wherein our downpour is fooled into seeing movement †despite the fact that there isn’t any. Our visual cortex is the person who is answerable for this, we will in general believe that It is the image that’s working however we are the one who’s doing It on the grounds that our visual cortex Is intended to distinguish and see movement in any case. In the procedure tests I discovered that we people having advanced as visual creatures are generally hard-wired to see and be spellbound by movement this Is the thing that the researchers call the brain’s Orienting Response in which we feel constrained to take a gander at anything that moves inside our field of vision. Our fringe vision Is considerably more touchy to movement than the remainder of our eye this Is displayed through the coin shoulder stunt. I guess that the last piece of the scene turned out to be all the more hauling as It uncovered the watchers Into all the more amazing analyses where It gave the idea that sound can truly change the movement we perceive†in light of the fact that movement Is questionable. Besides, It Is not generally what we see or what we hear yet once in a while It Is likewise what we feel or what we anticipate to feel. So I discover that movement can truly be tricky at ordinarily. I accept that our mind and our eyes are continually pulling a prank on us in this way causing our body to feel that It Is moving despite the fact that we are Just sitting still and this Is the alleged vector wherein It Is our eyes that see movement as well as our body?†vector† impression of self movement Induced by visual improvements. The scene was finished by the appropriate response on the inquiry expressed on the Introduction of the show on about how might we travel a large number of kilometers while we are Just sitting and It Is enchanting to covers that we are voyaging 1,600 kilometers for each moment since we are acquainted with the Earth’s steady movement. The scene didn’t get done with Just nothing, It addressed numerous tricky inquiries. Also, left the watchers with pack of new learning and wondrous disclosures about our continually moving world and how we developed and adapted to It. It Is stunning how our cerebrum functions and how It grows along with the Innovating scene. Movement will consistently be a piece of our lives which implies our cerebrum procedure In seeing movement will consistently proceed to create and Interpret things around us. He one who is liable for this, we will in general imagine that it is the image that’s working however we are the one who’s doing it in light of the fact that our visual cortex is intended to distinguish and see movement in any case. In the procedure wired to see and be dazzled by movement this is the thing that the researchers call the brain’s our field of vision. Our fringe vision is substantially more delicate to movement than the remainder of our eye this is di splayed through the coin shoulder stunt. I guess that the potato part of the scene turned out to be all the more hauling as it uncovered the watchers into all the more astonishing trials where it gave the idea that sound can truly change the movement we perceive†in light of the fact that movement is equivocal. In addition, it isn't generally what we see or what we hear however now and then it is additionally what we feel or what we foresee to cerebrum and our eyes are continually pulling a prank on us therefore causing our body to feel that it is moving despite the fact that we are Just sitting still and this is the supposed ousting wherein it isn't just our eyes that see movement yet in addition our gathering of self movement initiated by visual upgrades. The scene was finished by the appropriate response on the inquiry expressed on the presentation of the show on about how might we travel a large number of kilometers while we are Just sitting and it is extremely captivating to nothing, it addressed numerous misleading inquiries. Furthermore, left the watchers with bundle of we developed and adapted to it. It is stunning how our cerebrum functions and how it grows along with the enhancing scene. Movement will consistently be a piece of our lives which implies our cerebrum procedure in seeing movement will consistently proceed to create and decipher things around us. Step by step instructions to refer to Mind games a response, Papers

How to Close a Letter in American English

How to Close a Letter in American English How many times have you spent considerable thought and effort writing a letter, only to reach the closing and then wonder how you should end it? And does it really matter whether you choose sincerely or best or thanks to close out your message?While much of letter closing choices are based on personal style and attitude, there are slight differences in how different letter endings come across to the recipient of your writing. For this post, well discuss several common letter closings, more formally known as a valediction from the Latin vale dicere, which means to say farewell. We will also discuss the situations for which each are best used, the connotations each might bring, and how to choose which one fits your overall intent or is complimentary with the letter youve written.Sources weve usedKeep in mind that as with much of the advice youll read online, ours might differ from that of another source. However, since it is important in business or formal communication to follow best practices set by respected organizations, we have used two American authoritiesâ€"Barrons Educational Series and American Management Associationâ€"as our primary sources.Closings for formal and business correspondenceYours truly,According to Barrons, this is a formal closing and AMACOM states that this should be used when there is no personal connection between writer and recipient. Another version of this youll see often is Very truly yours, which again denotes a lack of personal connection between the writer and recipient of the letter. Despite the seemingly intimate associations with this phrase, it is very commonly used in business communication as a formal closing, whether you know the recipient intimately or not.Respectfully yours,Barrons also lists this as a formal closing and AMACOM suggests that it should be used when the letter is sent to someone either with acknowledged authority or when great formality should be used. Again, as with Yours truly, this is a commonly used c losing that connotes formality and can be used with formal business communication that is written to associatesâ€"whether they are typically on your contact list, or not.Sincerely (yours),Often shortened to just Sincerely, Barrons suggests that this is a less formal closing while AMACOM states that it should be used when there is both a personal and business relationship between the writer and recipient. In general, this is a commonly used closing in American business correspondence that covers both well-known associates and those who are not well known. It is also a great choice for letters such as cover letters for a job posting, introductory letters for academic admission, or complaint letters in which the sender wishes to close with a conciliatory yet polite tone.Cordially (yours),Often shortened to just Cordially, Barrons lists this as another less formal closing while AMACOM takes issue with Cordially yours, stating that it is often used but incorrect.So, in essence, consider this a great choice for closing business communication as long as the yours is not added. It works for both well-known acquaintances (in business) as well as recipients who are not regularly on your contact list. It is considered to be proper in both situations.Regards, Personal regards, Kindest regards,AMACOM doesnt list either of these choices in its preferred business letter closings, but Barrons lists them as potential personal closings. What this means is that if you plan to use them as business communication closings, or closings of letters written as cover letters or letters to admissions committees, they are acceptable yet slightly less formal than Sincerely or any of the versions of Sincerely (such as Sincerely yours,).This closing is an example of using your own attitude and personality to determine which closing to use in a letter.Best, Best regards,While not as formal as closings like sincerely, best is a polite, semi-formal letter ending that could work in both a busine ss context and when writing to acquaintances or friends. It is a polite way to let your letters recipient know that you wish the best for them. Best regards makes the closing a bit more formal if you feel that Best is not quite formal enough for the situation.Thanks,While not overly formal or overly informal, Thanks is a closing that works well for business letters across the boardâ€"whether you are writing to someone not on your contact list, or to an acquaintance or peer within your organization. However, compared to how the other closings weve listed sound to the recipient, Thanks can fall a little flat or seem abrupt. To avoid this, choose Best regards or Sincerely.You should also hesitate to use Thanks if youve made a request in your letter, and rather choose Thanks for your time, since the former assumes that the request will be granted, and the task will be accepted. Again, as with all the letter closings we have mentioned in this article, choose the best considering the type of relationship you have with the recipient and how formal or informal you want the letter to be.Informal closingsYour friend,Obviously, this is not the best closing to choose for a formal business letter or cover letter. Your friend, should be reserved for letters written to friends, as the closing implies. Putting this closing at the end of a letter to someone who is not your close friend will seem overly informal and assumptive.Cheers,While Cheers, or Cheers! might be a light-hearted and casual way to end a letter in British English, for American English, make sure that you only use it for close friends or business associates that you know on a deeply personal basis. The primary reason for this is it is an expression used in relation to alcohol, or imbibing alcoholic drinks, so it can be interpreted as too informal by many American business associates unless you know them on an informal basis.With love,As with Your friend, ensure that any time you use this closing, you are only doing so in a letter that is written to someone with whom you have an intimate and familiar relationship. Using this closing in a business letter or letter written to anyone else will be off-putting and potentially offensive to your reader. Therefore, ensure that you reserve this closing for only the most intimate recipient to avoid any confusion or misinterpretation.

Relationshipsand Sense of Belonging in Charles Dickens...

People are unique and therefore discover elements of life in a multitude of complex ways. Charles Dickens 1861 novel ‘Great Expectations’ employs older and younger Pip in a dual perspective novel to display the ways in which he discovers a sense of belonging and acceptance. Gary Ross director of the movie â€Å"Pleasantville† uses an adolescent males point of view to show the varying aspects of belonging in quite literally in this instance different ‘worlds’ which displays the destruction of being accepted and the positives of inclusion. Both texts show collectively that a need for a sense of belonging rarely changes over time in which the two texts are set. Relationships can be detrimental to our sense of belonging as they can alienate us†¦show more content†¦David has no real stable relationship and is too afraid of making them as shown in the introduction with a mise-en-scene displaying close-ups of David’s insecurity, apprehension of the unknown as he is asking out a girl; which is later revealed to have been all in his head as he is shown to be standing alone, isolated with the girl of his dreams standing far away in a midst of people. He is found to be constantly fighting and being insulted by his sister â€Å"I knew you couldn’t be so hopelessly geek-ridden for so long without suffering some really tragic consequences†, which causes him to yearn for inclusion which he finds in the TV show â€Å"Pleasantville†; the perfect world. Suddenly being immersed in this perfect world along with his sister he revels in the world being predictable; safe and dry of risks. After forming a bond with his boss Bill; who believes that people ‘must be awfully lucky’ to have creativity and colour forces David to realise that Pleasantville is in fact not a utopia but a dystopia with no choice of freedom, or choice of expression which he never embraced in the real world. David harnessing his newfound confidence stands in front of the whole town and shouts down at the Mayor â€Å"They (the colourful townspeople) are no different to you† finally gaining respect from his twin, with Jennifer stating to him â€Å"You turned into a pretty cool guy†. The connections David made

Stars The Influence of Celebrities in the Film Industry...

One of the most noticeable aspects of the entertainment industry today is the prevalence of the celebrity. In any entertainment medium whether it be music, print media or the film industry, celebrities can be seen. Celebrities are often the face of the product as well, and so they are what draws the consumer in, largely because of the sway the Celebrity has over the public. Celebrities are a rather intriguing twentieth century invention, and it is the goal of this essay to look at how a person becomes a star in the show business world, how they are marketed to an audience, and as the remarkable bond with the audience that these celebrities cultivate through their marketing and press that makes the audience want to see these people on the†¦show more content†¦Two actresses can claim that role as the first household name icon, both for different reasons and both with some clout behind those claims. The first star that reached a zenith in the movie-going populous was Florence L awrence. Florence Lawrence was an early Biograph girl, who worked under producer Carl Laemmle. It was during this time that the papers began to run the story of her untimely death in a car accident which was not true, and to this day it is unclear which was first the story or the publicity , but what it did was create a fervor over the last movie she was said to a appear in. Since she was still alive she went to each premiere and at each point, those who had come to the premiere locations became more and more obsessed as she appeared, happy to see the shining star they had heard had died appear in front of them, alive and well. Florence Lawrence may have been the first known star, but her star was one that quickly faded after the reveal that she was in fact, still living after all. Florence Lawrence was the first time the studios had used the performer themselves as the way to hype a movie before its release and in that sense, yes, Florence Lawrence was the first star in the fil m industry, but she can not be said to truly the be the original star as they are known today because she did not last long enough in the publics eye or consciousness. what Florence Lawrence did do was show that the audience was hungry to know about those thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Graeme Turner s Understanding Celebrity2078 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction A celebrity is defined by the media and society through characterisations; the introduction of various on-line and print media platforms enhance the presence of celebrity culture, such for advertising, activism, different genres of television (e.g. reality, gastronomical), and even political avenues as well (Driessens). 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Environmental Law in Kenya Free Essays

How can Environmental Law be effectively enforced in Kenya? For environmental law to be effectively enacted in Kenya their needs to be emphasis on the need for a universal environmental ethic. There needs to be a concern on the ability to provide information that changes behaviour towards the environment i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Law in Kenya or any similar topic only for you Order Now not stopping at awareness creation but to also go through education advocacy. This led to the enactment of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act. (EMCA). With the enactment of the EMCA, the fundamental principles on the environment espoused in various multilateral environmental agreements and intellectual discourse were incorporated into Kenyan law. Therefore it is based on the recognition that improved co ordination of the diverse sectoral initiatives is necessary for better management of the environment. To facilitate a coordinated approach to environmental management, EMCA establishes several organs as discussed below which help in the effective enforcement of environmental law: ) National Environmental Council It is responsible for policy formulation and directing, setting national goals and objectives, determining policy and priorities for the protection of the environment and the promotion of cooperation among the public and private bodies engaged in environmental protection programmes. The council is responsible in regards to international treaties, conventions and agreements relating to the management of the environment to whi ch Kenya is a party or should be a party. i) National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) It is responsible for the following: (a) Co-ordinate the various environmental management activities being undertake by the lead agencies and promote the integration of environmental considerations Into development policies, plans, programmes and projects with a view to ensuring the proper management and rational utilization of environmental resources on a sustainable yield basis for the improvement of he quality of human life in Kenya; (b) Take stock of the natural resources in Kenya and their utilization and conservation; (c) Establish and review in consultation with the relevant lead agencies, land use guidelines; (d) Examine land use patterns to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of natural resources. (e) Carry out surveys which will assist in the proper management and conservation of the environment; (f) Advise the government on legislative and other measures for the management of the environment or the implem entation of relevant international conventions, treaties and agreements in the field of environment, g) advise the government on regional and international environmental conventions, treaties and agreements to which Kenya should be a party and follow up the implementation of such of such agreements where Kenya is party; (h) Undertake and co-ordinate research, investigation and surveys in the field of Environment and collect collate and disseminate information about the findings Of such research, investigation or survey; I) mobilize and monitor the use of financial and human resources for environmental Management; (J) identify projects and programs or types of projects and programs, plans and policies for which environmental audit or environmental monitoring must be conducted under this Act; (k) Initiate and evolve procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents Which may cause environmental degradation and evolve remedial measures where Accidents occur; l) Monitor and assess activities, including activities being carried out by relevant lead Agencies, in order to ensure th at the environment is not degraded by such activities, environmental management objectives are adhered to and adequate early warning on impending environmental emergency is given; (m) Undertake, in co-operation with relevant lead agencies, programmes intended to enhance environmental education and public awareness about the need for sound Environmental management as well as for enlisting public support and encouraging the effort made by other entities in that regard; (n) Publish and disseminate manuals, codes or guidelines relating to environmental Management and prevention and abatement of environmental degradation; (n) Render advice and technical support, where possible, to entities engaged in natural Resource management and environmental protection so as to enable them to carry out Their responsibilities satisfactorily; o) Prepare and issue an annual report on the state of the environment in Kenya and in This regard may direct any lead agency to prepare and submit to it a report on the state Of the sector of the environment under the administration of that lead agency; (p) Perform such other functions as the Government may assign to the Authority or As are incidental or conducive to the excise by the Authority of any or all of the functions provided under this Act. iii) Provincial and District committees The committee is responsible for the following: A) is responsible for the proper management of the environment within the province or district in respect of which they are appointed. (b) Perform such additional functions as are prescribed by this Act or as may, from time to time, be assigned by the Minister by notice in the Gazette. There are certain mechanisms that are set in place for the protection and conservation of the environment, framework environmental laws also provide for the management of specific environmental aspects, whether they are of a sect oral nature or of cross sectoral nature or both. These mechanisms include: -Environmental Impact Assessment This is a tool that helps those involved in decision making concerning development programmes or projects to make their decisions based on knowledge of the likely impacts that will be caused on the environment, whether negative or positive. Whether the impacts are negative and likely to result in significant harm, decision makers will be able to decide what kind of mitigating measures should be taken to eliminate or minimise the harm. Therefore the EIA is an anticipatory and where there is harm, a preventive mechanism. By using the EIA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved such as reduced cost and time of project implementation and design, avoiding treatment/ clean up costs and impacts of law and regulations. -Environmental auditing and monitoring This is a process that assesses the nature and extent of environmental concerns at an existing facility or any other site where the existence of industrial pollution problems is identified or anticipated. Enforcement of Environmental Law Most environmental enforcement strategies derive from legal requirements that must be met by individuals, facilities whose operations or activities may cause undesirable environmental impacts. These environmental impacts are an essential foundation for environmental and public health protection. Environmental actions may include applying one or a combination of the following actions: †¢ Inspections and monitoring to determine the compliance status of the regulated community and to detect and to respond to violations. †¢ Negotiations with violators or facility managers to develop mutually agreeable schedules and approaches for achieving compliance. †¢ Awareness creation to sensitise the regulated community on the requirements to be met †¢ Taking legal action where necessary to compel compliance and: †¢ Compliance promotion among the regulated community. 2. Discuss why health and safety laws are necessary for any worker? Health and safety may be perceived as an investment or loss within an organization. Accidents happen and it is imperative for organizations to strive towards a ‘zero’ rate because they can prove very expensive if a company is deemed liable. Employers may be expected to invest a relatively minimal initial outlay for risk assessment and hazard identification procedures – which may or may not require consultancy fees, installation of modern equipment or staff training – but in reality these can all be viewed as an investment rather than a loss and there is no arguing with the fact that an injury free workplace is a safe workplace. All employers were required to ensure, in so far as ‘reasonably practical’, the safety, health and welfare at work of their employees and to carry out an annual review of safety statements specifying how it is managed. On the other hand, employees are obliged to co-operate with their employer and report any circumstances that may pose a serious threat to health and safety. In the opinion of Hoyle (2004), â€Å"Accident prevention is primarily the responsibility of individual workers. † The promotion of health and safety within an organization can be seen as an investment. If employees keep healthy, their productivity will be good and this can promote profits. With safety the same applies. In a safe environment there are fewer injuries, more productivity, more profits and less worker compensation insurance premiums, etc. The financial implications of accidents and ill-health are often overlooked or underestimated, especially relating to absenteeism. Apart from still having to pay the absent employee’s wages, employers could also be faced with additional wages for replacement staff, overtime and lost time spent on investigations and meetings, increased costs due to reduced productivity, possible contract penalties and external consultancy fees, all of which can add up to substantial hidden costs (TSSA). In fact, organizations with active training programmers in health and safety – such as OHSAS 18001 – have many advantages, including fewer work-related injuries and lower healthcare costs, improved productivity, reduced absenteeism, lower insurance premiums and compensation claims and a higher rate of worker retention and employee satisfaction. Workers’ compensation claims due to workplace accidents and occupational ill-health appear in the papers every day. And costs facing organizations include investigation time, wages paid for lost time, clerical time, decreased output of injured worker upon return and the loss of business and goodwill. Unfortunately, in smaller firms where major injury rates tend to be higher, conviction could ruin a company. Many small organizations harbor a negative view of the business benefits of corporate and social responsibility. They see the implementation and maintenance of appropriate operational standards as a waste of time, money and staff resources because of the required controls, practices and procedures and other overheads which they regard as a drain on their limited resources. While some employers may see health and safety as a loss, this will only occur when an organization has failed to take reasonable steps to prevent injury and non-injury accidents and ill-health. The advantages of reventive policies can be financially beneficial, an added investment is that they ‘can also consist of benefits that are harder to express in money, such as morale, productivity or quality gain. ’ Nevertheless, employers must undertake suitable and sufficient assessment of risks to hea lth and safety in their workplace and appropriate arrangements must be made to review preventive and protective measures, assess their efficacy and level of legal compliance and establish a sound health and safety culture. A risk assessment is a hazard identification process to identify what could cause harm to people. It forms part of the preparation of a Safety Statement and helps employers to manage the health and safety of their employees. Employers are legally required to do everything that is ‘reasonably practicable’ to ensure that identified hazards will not injure anyone. They should also ensure that all employees are familiar with the relevant contents of the Safety Statement, especially when revisions have been made. Improving health and safety need not cost the employer a lot of money. Even changing the way a particular task is performed can reduce the risk of injury. For example, placing anti-slip material on a slippery floor is a relatively inexpensive precaution when compared to the financial implications of a bad fall. Any safety measures introduced â€Å"need only be proportional to the real risks involved and should be sufficient to control, eliminate or minimize any risk of injury† (ibid). Managing health and safety in the workplace is not just a legal requirement, it also makes commercial sense. Many investors closely monitor health and safety performance with a view to increasing investment opportunities. Simple and relatively inexpensive steps like arranging courses such as First Aid, Manual Handling, Fire and Electrical Safety, Health and Safety and Stress Management, etc. for all employees is most definitely a good investment for any forward-looking organization and the potential dividends for both staff and employees are immeasurable REFERENCES Environmental Management and Coordination Act 2000 Okidi et al, Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Framework law. East African Publishers, 2008 How to cite Environmental Law in Kenya, Essays

The Role Of Desdemona In Shakespeares Othello Essays - Othello, Iago

The Role Of Desdemona In Shakespeare's Othello The Role of Desdemona in Shakespeare's Othello The character of Desdemona represents a woman of the 17th century who surpassed the norms of sexual morality set for Venetian women of that time. When Desdemona left the house of her father, Brabantio, to wed the Moor, Othello, it was the first step in redefining her role as a woman. Desdemona, instead of asking her father's permission, decided on her own to marry Othello. It seems as though Desdemona was breaking away from the strictness imposed by Brabantio. She denied her father any right in choosing or granting allowance to Othello to marry her. Instead she chose the man who she wanted to marry and felt it unnecessary that her father intervene in their relationship. This act of independence by Desdemona tore away the gender barriers of the Venetian patriarchal society and posed a threat to male authority. The other aspect of Desdemona's mutiny was the miscegenation in Desdemona and Othello's marriage. 1The choice of mate made by Desdemona further deviated from the role in which V enetian society would cast her. The traditions of the Venetian society are discovered when Iago speaks to Brabantio and plants both the ideas of miscegeny and loss of power into Brabantio's mind. Iago cautions Brabantio: Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul; Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! (Oth I. i. 88-90) These lines highlight the fact that in Elizabethan society, Brabantio, like other fathers, considered Desdemona's body to be his possession while also tapping into the fear of miscegenation that existed in Venice at that time. 2In his book ?Sex in History,? Rattray Taylor describes patriarchal societies in which the power was placed in the hands of men, to be based on father-identifier schemes (77). Taylor explains that children who are father-identifiers, model themselves after their fathers because of their interest in authority and in an attempt to acquire power as their fathers have (314). This can be applied to Desdemona's rebelliousness. Because Brabantio had such immense power over her, Desdemona may have wanted to gain this kind of power herself. Thus she decided to take her relationship into her own hands and ignored the tradition of receiving her father's approval. Desdemona was striving to play an equal role with the men in the Venetian society. The aspect of playing the same role as the men in the Venetian society also explains Desdemona's marriage to Othello. Instead of Brabantio taking the initiative in the marriage, Desdemona took the initiative in the courtship because she envied the power that her father had over her and the power of Othello's bravery and masculinity. 3She wished to be a man as brave and as noble as Othello (Holland 253). Desdemona's actions were not necessarily based on the desire to be a man, but more so a desire to have the equal powers of men. By marrying Othello, Desdemona was showing that she was strong enough and educated enough to break the societal confines of passivity for women (Walker 2). However, we must not assume that Desdemona did not love Othello or that she married him only to define herself as a liberated woman. Desdemona's concise statement about her love was revealed with balance and health when she said: I saw Othello's visage in his mind, And to his honours and his valiant parts Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate. (Oth. III. iii. 250-252) We can see that she loved Othello for his body and mind, for his reputation and actions, and she consecrated herself to him spiritually and practically and she continued to love him throughout all the events and accusations. Race was not an issue to Desdemona and this was a result of her intelligence and determination to become liberated. Othello, however, may have been frightened by Desdemona's aggressiveness as a woman. This, along with the misperceptions brought on by Iago, could have led to his changing views of Desdemona. When Othello and Desdemona are first married, Othello spoke nothing but love for Desdemona. Robert Burns' poem, ?A Red, Red Rose? best represents Othello's feelings toward Desdemona. The lines: ?As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, / So deep in luve am